Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis: Efficiency and Accuracy

线粒体核糖体 线粒体 生物 核糖体 线粒体生物发生 线粒体融合 线粒体DNA 细胞生物学 细胞器生物发生 氧化磷酸化 翻译(生物学) 细胞器 呼吸链 蛋白质生物合成 DNAJA3公司 遗传学 生物发生 基因 生物化学 信使核糖核酸 核糖核酸
作者
Kirsten Kehrein,Nathalie Bonnefoy,Martin Ott
出处
期刊:Antioxidants & Redox Signaling [Mary Ann Liebert]
卷期号:19 (16): 1928-1939 被引量:35
标识
DOI:10.1089/ars.2012.4896
摘要

The mitochondrial genetic system is responsible for the production of a few core-subunits of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase, the membrane protein complexes driving oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Efficiency and accuracy of mitochondrial protein synthesis determines how efficiently new OXPHOS complexes can be made.The system responsible for expression of the mitochondrial-encoded subunits developed from that of the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria. Importantly, many aspects of genome organization, transcription, and translation have diverged during evolution. Recent research has provided new insights into the architecture, regulation, and organelle-specific features of mitochondrial translation. Mitochondrial ribosomes contain a number of proteins absent from prokaryotic ribosomes, implying that in mitochondria, ribosomes were tailored to fit the requirements of the organelle. In addition, mitochondrial gene expression is regulated post-transcriptionally by a number of mRNA-specific translational activators. At least in yeast, these factors can regulate translation in respect to OXPHOS complex assembly to adjust the level of newly synthesized proteins to amounts that can be successfully assembled into respiratory chain complexes.Mitochondrial gene expression is determining aging in eukaryotes, and a number of recent reports indicate that efficiency of translation directly influences this process.Here we will summarize recent advances in our understanding of mitochondrial protein synthesis by comparing the knowledge acquired in the systems most commonly used to study mitochondrial biogenesis. However, many steps have not been understood mechanistically. Innovative biochemical and genetic approaches have to be elaborated to shed light on these important processes.
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