The theoretical development of CPTED

This chapter examines various reactions to C. Ray Jeffery’s original work, including governmental, architectural, academic, and corporate/business reactions. It discusses the roots of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), from which Jeffery’s 1971 work arose; works which preceded Jeffery’s, or developed independently of it. The chapter suggests that Jeffery’s concept of CPTED already has evolved into a crime prevention approach that encompasses both the external environment of the place and the internal environment of the offender. According to Donald Newman, “one of the prime advocates of the importance of physical design considerations in achieving social objectives was Elizabeth Wood.” Jacobs’s work The Death and Life of Great American Cities really began the search for how both physical and social urban factors affected people and their interactions. Schlomo Angel, in Discouraging Crime through City Planning, noted how citizens could take an active role in preventing crime, starting with a diagnosis of which environments afford the most opportunities for crime to occur.