Sinigrin Impedes the Breast Cancer Cell Growth through the Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Phosphorylation-Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest

Breast carcinoma, one of the most lethal variants of carcinogenesis, significantly diagnosed type of cancer amongst the female population. Sinigrin, also known as glucosinolate, is found in the seeds of Brassica nigra and shown to enhance various cancer cells potentially. Nevertheless, the mechanistic explanation of sinigrin (SGN)-mediated breast cancer growth and augmentation is still to be investigated. Therefore, we contended in this study that SGN impedes PI3K/AKT/mTOR phosphorylation-mediated cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells. SGN (20 M) was implemented to treat MCF-7 cells for 24 and 48 hours of incubation. A significant increase in cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell cycle arrest, mitochondrion membrane alteration, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant depletion was found in MCF-7 cells. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR events are crucial pathways that participate in survival, proliferation, and cell cycle regulation. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR expression thought to be novel approach for alleviating breast cancer growth. We noticed that SGN inhibits PI3K, AKT, and mTOR phosphorylation, resulting in the downregulation of proliferative and cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as cyclin-Dl, PCNA, CDK4, and CDK6. SGN also causes apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by increasing nuclear fragmentation and by inducing pro-apoptotic gene expression. As a result, SGN inhibits breast cancer growth by impeding PI3K/AKT/mTOR phosphorylation-mediated cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells.