Understanding the genetic and molecular constitutions of heterosis for developing hybrid rice

杂种优势 生物 过度显性 混合的 不育 上位性 遗传学 生物技术 人口 双列杂交 基因 农学 社会学 人口学
作者
Yidan Ouyang,Xu Li,Qifa Zhang
出处
期刊:Journal of Genetics and Genomics [Elsevier]
卷期号:49 (5): 385-393 被引量:31
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.022
摘要

The wide adoption of hybrid rice has greatly increased rice yield in the last several decades. The utilization of heterosis facilitated by male sterility has been a common strategy for hybrid rice development. Here, we summarize our efforts in the genetic and molecular understanding of heterosis and male sterility together with the related progress from other research groups. Analyses of F1 diallel crosses show that strong heterosis widely exists in hybrids of diverse germplasms, and inter-subspecific hybrids often display higher heterosis. Using the elite hybrid Shanyou 63 as a model, an immortalized F2 population design is conducted for systematic characterization of the biological mechanism of heterosis, with identification of loci controlling heterosis of yield and yield component traits. Dominance, overdominance, and epistasis all play important roles in the genetic basis of heterosis; quantitative assessment of these components well addressed the three classical genetic hypotheses for heterosis. Environment-sensitive genic male sterility (EGMS) enables the development of two-line hybrids, and long noncoding RNAs often function as regulators of EGMS. Inter-subspecific hybrids show greatly reduced fertility; the identification and molecular characterization of hybrid sterility genes offer strategies for overcoming inter-subspecific hybrid sterility. These developments have significant implications for future hybrid rice improvement using genomic breeding.
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