Crisis lifecycle, policy response, and policy effectiveness

The dimension of time has been neglected in the practice and research of public administration for decades. By developing a framework to guide the quantification and operationalization of the crisis lifecycle model, this study explores how the timing, sequence, and tempo of government policy response impact policy effectiveness. Quantitative analysis of COVID-19-related data in 152 countries/regions from 1 January to 31 July 2020 shows that direct policies on curtailing infection sources in the early outbreak stage are key to controlling the pandemic. This article concludes by identifying different time tactics that may help policymakers improve strategic decision-making.