FDA-Based Space–Time–Frequency Deceptive Jamming Against SAR Imaging

Due to the employment of frequency increment across the array elements, frequency-diverse array (FDA) produces a jointly range-angle-time-dependent beampattern, which finds wide applicability in improving the target detection performance and imaging resolution capability. By the exploitation of the multifrequency transmission across elements, this article proposes an FDA-based space–time–frequency deceptive jamming approach against spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) by using the range-Doppler algorithm (RDA) for high-resolution imaging process. We analyze the range-azimuth distribution of false targets generated by the FDA jammer and then reveal the controllability of the number and locations of false targets by adjusting the frequency increment and the number of FDA elements. In order to set the FDA jammer parameters properly, we derive the minimum/maximum allowable frequency increment, the maximum number of elements and maximum azimuth offset by the ambiguity function, and Doppler frequency analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by extensive numerical results.