Modification of gelatin hydrolysates from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) scales by Maillard reaction: Antioxidant activity and volatile compounds

Fish scales are usually discarded or used to produce fish meal, etc. In order to enhance their utility, we produced the gelatin hydrolysates from fish scales (FSGH) and they were heated with glucose, xylose, and ribose to prepare sugar-FSGH Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The antioxidant capacity and sensory property of MRPs were evaluated. The results showed that ribose-FSGH MRPs exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than glucose- and xylose-FSGH MRPs. After simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity of ribose-FSGH MRPs were 25.32 μM and 193.37 μM Trolox equivalent/g sample, respectively, and the reducing power was 0.509. Flavor compounds (such as butanal, benzaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, and maltol) of ribose-FSGH MRPs were produced in abundance after 5 h of heating and ribose-FSGH MRPs exhibited flavor enhanced effect on caramel-like and mouthfulness sensory attributes. These results suggest that ribose-FSGH MRPs can be potentially used as food antioxidants.