电解质
碳酸乙烯酯
材料科学
化学工程
胶体
碳酸二甲酯
溶剂化
锂(药物)
阴极
离解(化学)
离子
分离器(采油)
无机化学
电极
催化作用
化学
物理化学
有机化学
工程类
内分泌学
医学
物理
热力学
作者
Xiaoyan Wang,Le Yang,Niaz Ahmad,Leguan Ran,Ruiwen Shao,Wen Yang
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202209140
摘要
Lithium-ion batteries currently suffer from low capacity and fast degradation under fast charging and/or low temperatures. In this work, a colloid liquid electrolyte (CLE) is designed, where the trace amount of lithium thiocarbonate (LTC) colloids in commercial carbonate electrolyte (1 m LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate) not only boosts up σLi+ but also improves the Li+ transfer kinetics at LiNi0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 O2 (NCA) cathode/electrolyte interface. The competitive coordination of LTCs with anions and solvents facilitates the dissociation of lithium salts and Li+ decoupling, dramatically enhancing the σLi+ (15 to 4.5 mS cm-1 at 30 and -20 °C, respectively); meanwhile, the desolvation process is accelerated. It demonstrates that LTC colloids induce an ≈5 nm ultrathin Li2 CO3 -rich cathode electrolyte interface and infuse the grain boundary of NCA particles, enhancing interfacial Li+ transfer and inhibiting the particle cracks during cycling. Consequently, the Li||CLE||NCA battery delivers a maximum capacity of 135 mAh g-1 at a 10 C rate with 80% retention after 2000 cycles. Moreover, the fast-charging capability under a sub-zero environment is proved (122 mAh g-1 with 90% retention after 400 cycles at 2 C and -10 °C). This strategy for tailoring the interfacial charge transfer appears generalizable and can practically be extended to next-generation energy-storage systems.
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