Electrochemical CO2 reduction of graphene single-atom/cluster catalysts

Due to the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, the conversion of CO2 into usable products is particularly important. The electrochemical reduction reaction of CO2 (CO2RR) has got great attentions on single-atom catalysts (SACs) and single-cluster catalysts (SCCs) in recent years. In general, graphene is widely applied in CO2RR because of its excellent stability, predominant electrical conductivity and favorable electrochemical properties. In this review, we have summarized the electrochemical CO2RR by various graphene SACs/SCCs such as nitrogen-doped graphene, defect graphene, defect modified graphene and carbon nanotubes. Additionally, the reaction mechanisms for CO2RR and the pathways to diverse products are discussed in details. Finally, the potential opportunities and prospects of utilizing graphene SACs/SCCs for CO2RR are presented.