Effect of land use type on macrobenthos assemblages, distribution, and functional guild in Upstream Citarum River

Aquatic community biodiversity is gradually impacted by the expansion and intensification of agricultural and urbanization land use. However, data on macrobenthos responses to land use in tropical streams are relatively limited. This study aims to investigate the responses of macrobenthos diversity, functional guild, and physicochemical parameters in Upstream Citarum River land use type, agricultural and urbanization area. A total of 317 species from 21 families, 11 orders and three phyla were identified, with agricultural land use having the highest abundance of macroinvertebrates (222 individuals), followed by urbanization land use (95 individuals). Ecological indices, including diversity, evenness, dominance, and margalef displayed similar patterns across different land use types. Contribution of macrobenthos species in the upstream Citarum River based on Similarity Percentage (SIMPER) analysis are Hydropychidae and Palaemonidae. Filter collectors (FC) had the highest density (78.829%) in agricultural land use, while scrapers (SC) had the highest density (87.37%) in urbanization land use. Nepidae and Palaemonidae showed positive correlations with temperature, total organic carbon (TOC) and total organic matter (TOM). The study concludes that the river of macrobenthos communities and functional guilds were influenced by the land use type and water quality. This study of the effect of land use type on macrobenthos will provide river management for further help the sustainability of tropical stream and implication of land use policy for future studies.