Confining Flat Ru Islands into TiO2 Lattice with the Coexisting Ru–O–Ti and Ru–Ti Bonds for Ultra‐Stable Hydrogen Evolution at Amperometric Current Density and Hydrogen Oxidation at High Potential

Effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under high current density and enhanced hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) over a wide potential range remain challenges for Ru-based electrocatalysts because its strong affinity to the adsorbed hydroxyl (OH