Silicone Implant Arthroplasty for Severe Bony Ankylosis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joints in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Arthrodesis and prosthetic arthroplasty have been used to treat severe proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthritis. Silicone implant arthroplasty is an established treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of the fingers. However, few studies have reported the application of silicone implant arthroplasty for the treatment of severe ankylosis of the PIP joint in RA patients. The authors report, for the first time, the case of a 46-year-old woman who presented with severe bony ankylosis of the right fourth and fifth PIP joints at greater than 90° of flexion. Proximal interphalangeal silicone arthroplasty in combination with reconstruction of the extensor mechanism was successfully performed in the affected joints. Four years after surgery, active flexion of the fourth and fifth PIP joints was 55° and 75°, respectively, with an extensor lag of only 5° without pain and joint instability. Proper repair of the extensor mechanism with shortening of the central slips and mobilization of the lateral bands dorsally was most important in maintaining the extended position of the PIP joints. Proximal interphalangeal silicone arthroplasty with intensive reconstruction of the extensor mechanism could become a potential treatment option to maintain joint mobility even in severe ankylosis of the PIP joints in RA patients. [Orthopedics. 2022;45(1):e53-e56.].