Extraction and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Corn Stover

In recent years there has been a great worldwide interest in sustainability. Various researches in the area of polymeric and composite materials have been developed to ensure environmental preservation and provide a better standard of living to society. Cellulose nanoparticles are biodegradable, have a high degree of crystallinity and other properties justifying their use as mechanical reinforcement material in bionanocomposites. The aim of this study is to prepare and characterize nanoparticles extracted pulp cellulose from corn stover by acid hydrolysis. The chemical composition of corn stover cellulose was determined. The fibers were treated with NaOH, bleached using sodium hypochlorite and (CH3COOH/NaOH) to remove residual lignin. Then the nanoparticles were obtained by acid hydrolysis and calculated your yield. Morphological analysis of nanoparticles was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The index of crystallinity was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in addition, thermogravimetric (TGA) and FTIR analysis. Corn stover consists of 45.50% cellulose, 27.59% hemicellulose and lignin of 6.77%. This lignocellulosic source is viable raw material for obtaining nanoparticles by acid hydrolysis (H2SO4), reaching a yield of 64% of nanoparticles with a degree of crystallinity of 55.04% and L/D of 54.7 ± 24, which can provide improvement in mechanical and barrier properties for the development of bionanocomposites.