Clinical analysis of air‐leak syndrome following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients

Abstract Background Air‐leak syndrome (ALS) is considered as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in adult patients who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and the 5‐year overall survival (OS) of ALS is less than 30%. However, the clinical features of ALS among post‐transplant pediatric patients have rarely been explored. Procedures We retrospectively reviewed 2206 pediatric patients who had received an allo‐HSCT between January 2013 and December 2019 at the Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, and analyzed the role of ALS in prognosis following HSCT. Results In our research, ALS was divided into two categories: 15 cases of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and 13 cases of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS). Following treatment of the ALS, 18 patients survived (18/28, 64.3%), and 10 patients died of respiratory failure or infection (10/28, 35.7%). Conclusions The OS of ALS in Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital is significantly higher than others, and they were cited to be related to early diagnosis and timely FAM treatment in previous reports.