Flexible self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator sensor for wind speed measurement driven by moving trains

Abstract Flexible self-powered sensors have been extensively applied to the Internet of Things (IoTs), structural health monitoring (SHM), and intelligent transportation. It would be more demanding for the power supply to these sensors during the long-term maintenance of the rail transit system .The wind pressure/velocity generated by high-speed trains poses a substantial threat to safety of human, and new sensors without an external power supply should be developed to monitor wind pressure/velocity in the trackside. Flexible self-powered wind triboelectric nanogenerator (W-TENG) sensor with a single-electrode mode based on conductive hydrogel is designed to wind pressure/velocity monitoring without power supply by harvesting wind energy. It is devoted the relationship between the output voltage of the sensors and the wind pressure/velocity driven by high-speed trains. Material selection and structural design methods are adopted to enhance the energy harvesting efficiency and sensing accuracy of self-powered W-TENG sensors. Open-circuit current of 2.8 μA and open-circuit voltage of 12 V are achieved, and the output voltage signal has the linear relationship with trackside wind pressure/velocity. Field tests are implemented to evaluate the performance of self-powered W-TENG sensors in wind pressure/velocity measurement caused by moving trains, providing an idea to SHM appliection in intelligent transmit systems.