A comprehensive approach for the recycling of anode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries: Separation, lithium recovery, and graphite reutilization as environmental catalyst

石墨 材料科学 阳极 锂(药物) 催化作用 可重用性 重新使用 废物管理 电池(电) 碳化 烘烤 化学工程 化学 冶金 有机化学 复合材料 电极 功率(物理) 物理化学 内分泌学 工程类 程序设计语言 物理 医学 量子力学 软件 计算机科学 扫描电子显微镜
作者
Yanhui Kong,Yutaro Takaya,Mauricio Córdova-Udaeta,Chiharu Tokoro
出处
期刊:Waste Management [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:188: 60-71
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.033
摘要

The effective recovery of valuables from anodes coming from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is of great importance to ensure resource supply and reduce the environmental burden for recycling. In this work, a simple and low energy consumption roasting method was proposed by employing low-temperature eutectic NaOH-KOH as reaction medium, in order to simultaneously separate graphite from Cu foils, extract lithium from it and set it up for reuse as environmental catalyst through one-step water washing process. Our results show that polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) was effectively deactivated due to dehydrofluorination/carbonization at a relatively low temperature and short time (150 °C, 20 min) when a mass ratio of 1:1 for eutectic NaOH-KOH to spent LIBs anodes was used, yielding 97.3 % of graphite detached. Moreover, a remarkable lithium extraction efficiency of 93.2 % was simultaneously obtained. Afterwards, the reusability of the recycled graphite was tested by employing it as a catalyst for the treatment of a contaminant organic dye (Rhodamine B) in the presence of NaClO. Our results show that a superior NaClO activation was obtained with the addition of recycled graphite, being this fact closely associated to the abundant active sites formed during the long-term charging/discharging cycles in the original battery. The alkaline-mediated roasting process presented in this work presents an energy-saving scheme to efficiently recover useful components from spent anodes, whereas the reusability example highlighted a useful option for repurposing the severely damaged graphite as an environmental catalyst rather than disposing it in landfills, turning waste into a valuable material.
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