Phospolipase D Insights: Elevated Levels in Mild Cognitive Impairment, Therapeutic Reduction in Alzheimer's Patients

Abstract Background Membrane lipid compromise is also related to AD pathology, a large family of enzymes such as phospholipases that act on membrane integrity, cell signaling, and cellular processes is impaired during the disease phase. Membrane integrity is affected by the B amyloid by the pathological process of AD, moreover, releasing neurotoxic enzymes and vesicles consequently losing important neurotransmitters. Dysregulation of phospholipase D (PLD) can disrupt the plasma membrane and potentially contribute to worsening AD pathology. Method The study was conducted at the Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Brazil. The plasma samples consisted of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (n = 20), AD patients (n = 18), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 19). Subjects with other psychiatric or neurological disorders were excluded. PLD activity was measured by a fluorescence method in duplicate by the Amplex® Red Phospholipase D Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Result PLD activity showed an increase significantly in the MCL group compared to other groups (p=0.030). Conclusion The early stages of dementia have high PLD activity. Our results suggest increased PLD activity significantly in MCL individuals compared to other groups. The highlight its AD with treatment has a decrease in PLD activity compared to other groups.