Immunophenotypic characterization and therapeutics effects of human bone marrow- and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in an experimental model of sepsis

Sepsis is a complicated multi-system disorder characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection. Despite substantial progress in the understanding of mechanisms of sepsis, translation of these advances into clinically effective therapies remains challenging. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties that have shown therapeutic promise in preclinical models of sepsis. The therapeutic effects of MSCs may vary depending on the source and type of these cells. In this comparative study, the gene expression pattern and surface markers of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) as well as their therapeutic effects in a clinically relevant mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), were investigated. The results showed remarkable differences in gene expression profile, surface markers and therapeutic potency in terms of enhancing survival and pro/anti-inflammatory responses between the two MSC types. BM-MSCs improved survival concomitant with an enhanced systemic bacterial clearance and improved inflammatory profile post CLP surgery. Despite some improvement in the inflammatory profile of the septic animals, treatment with UC-MSCs did not enhance survival or bacterial clearance. Overall, the beneficial therapeutic effects of BM-MSCs over UC-MSCs may likely be attributed to their pro-inflammatory function, and to some extent anti-inflammatory features, reflected in their gene expression pattern enhancing macrophage polarization to M1/M2 phenotypes resulting in a balanced pro- and anti-inflammatory response against polymicrobial sepsis.