Effects of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in maternal diets on reproductive performance and the expression of genes that regulate lactation in sows

Abstract One hundred Yorkshire × Landrace sows were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments (diet ND: 6,000 IU vitamin D 3 /d feed; diet 25‐D: 200 μg/day 25OHD 3 feed). The experiment began on d 90 of gestation and continued until weaning on day 21 of lactation. In sows that received 25OHD 3 , the growth rate of the piglets before weaning was significantly accelerated (0.266 kg/day, p < .05). Sow serum was collected after weaning, and those in the 25OHD 3 group were found to have significantly higher serum calcium (CA) and phosphorus (PI) levels ( p < .05). Interestingly, the oestrus cycle of sows fed 25OHD 3 was significantly shortened ( p < .05), the oestrus time was concentrated on the fifth day after weaning, and the piglets were born with a higher degree of uniformity ( p < .05). Colostrum was collected on the day of delivery, and the colostrum of sows fed 25OHD 3 contained higher milk fat content than the control group ( p < .05). 25OHD 3 supplementation increased the mRNA and protein expression of INSIG1 and SREBP1, which regulate milk fat synthesis, in the mammary gland of lactating sows ( p < .05). In conclusion, 25OHD 3 supplementation in maternal diets improved reproductive performance, milk fat content and the mRNA and protein levels of genes regulating milk fat synthesis in lactating sows.