HONO, Particulate Nitrite, and Snow Nitrite at a Midlatitude Urban Site during Wintertime

积雪 亚硝酸盐 硝酸盐 大气(单位) 微粒 大气科学 环境化学 亚硝酸 环境科学 化学 臭氧 气象学 无机化学 地质学 物理 有机化学
作者
Qianjie Chen,Jacinta Edebeli,Stephen M. McNamara,Kathryn D. Kulju,Nathaniel W. May,S. B. Bertman,Sham Thanekar,José D. Fuentes,Kerri A. Pratt
出处
期刊:ACS earth and space chemistry [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:3 (5): 811-822 被引量:44
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00023
摘要

Nitrous acid (HONO) plays an important role in the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere during wintertime via photolysis to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH). While it is known that HONO is emitted from the Arctic snowpack, sparse observations of HONO in the midlatitude urban wintertime environment have hindered our understanding of cold-season atmospheric chemistry. In this study, measurements of ambient HONO, particulate nitrite (pN(III); N(III) = NO2(aq)– + HONO(aq) + H2ONO(aq)+), and snow nitrite (sN(III)) were conducted in Kalamazoo, Michigan during January–February 2018. Elevated levels of HONO and particulate nitrite were observed over snow-covered ground, likely due to emissions of HONO from the snowpack, as well as weak turbulent mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer. The noontime peak in HONO of 87 ± 60 (1σ) parts per trillion (ppt) over snow-covered ground suggests photochemical snowpack HONO production, likely in part through snowpack nitrate photolysis, with only a minor contribution from particulate nitrate photolysis. High concentrations of snow nitrite (0.4 ± 0.3 (1σ) μM) support the hypothesis that the snowpack is a significant source of HONO to the atmosphere. On average, the OH production rate from HONO photolysis, in the near-surface atmosphere (≈ 2 m above ground), was calculated to be about an order of magnitude higher than that from O3 photolysis over snow-covered ground. Future studies are needed to quantify HONO emissions from the midlatitude urban snowpack, given expected HONO production due to high concentrations of snow nitrate and nitrite from anthropogenic particulate nitrate and nitrite deposition.
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