法拉第效率
格式化
催化作用
水溶液
X射线光电子能谱
锡
材料科学
化学工程
价(化学)
热液循环
氧化锡
氧化物
电极
无机化学
纳米技术
电化学
化学
有机化学
物理化学
冶金
工程类
作者
Yanan Li,Jinli Qiao,Xia Zhang,Lei Tao,Abel Girma,Yuyu Liu,Jiujun Zhang
标识
DOI:10.1002/celc.201600290
摘要
Abstract Several catalyst materials composed of tin oxide composites (SnO x ) with a novel coralline structure are synthesized by using a facile hydrothermal self‐assembly process. The catalysts are then used to prepare a SnO x /GDL (gas diffusion layer) electrode for CO 2 electroreduction to formate in 0.5 m KHCO 3 aqueous solution. Influential factors, such as hydrothermal synthesis temperature ( T )/time (Δ t ) and the valence state of Sn in the SnO x nanocatalysts, on both catalysts’ morphologies, and Faradaic efficiency for formate production are investigated systematically. By using a SnO x (100–8) /GDL electrode (i.e. T and Δ t are 100 °C and 8 h, respectively) as the cathode, the high maximum faradaic efficiency of 87.1 % is achieved at a controlled potential of −1.6 V, which is superior to all the reported SnO x and Sn/SnO x catalysts in the literature. By combining X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis, the coralline‐structured SnO x is observed to be composed of SnO and SnO 2 , where the SnO is covered by a SnO 2 film about 1–2 nm thick, which makes a contribution to the catalytically active sites for CO 2 electroreduction. This coralline‐structured SnO x exhibits high durability, as evaluated by a stable catalytic current density of approximately 10 mA cm −2 over 20 h of continuous operation. This work highlights the controlling role of the correct morphology and the valence state of tin oxide on formate formation during CO 2 reduction in aqueous solution.
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