Low-Cost Interrogation of Long-Distance and Multipoint FBG Sensor Using Incoherent-FMCW Optical Ranging System

More than a decade, multipoint sensor systems involving fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have been widely used in various implementations, especially the structural health monitoring system (SHMS). In this paper, a three-points FBG sensor was successfully analyzed by combination of incoherent frequency modulated continuous wave (I-FMCW) optical ranging system and a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) as a wavelength-tunable laser source. This system is not only capable of reading out the FBG sensors, but also identifying the location of the installed FBGs. The I-FMCW can be conducted by intensity modulation of a low-cost commercial VCSEL. Furthermore, the wavelength of the VCSEL can also be tuned by the injection current change to match the Bragg wavelength of FBGs. The detected signal from the FBGs and the reference signal from the signal generator are electrically mixed to obtain the beat frequency. A thermo-electric controller (TEC) controls temperature of one of the FBGs in the range of 25° C ~ 45° C, and contrary the others are kept at room temperature. As well as measuring temperature, one of the FBGs is strained in the range of $369~\mu \varepsilon \sim ~2137~\mu \varepsilon $ . The measurement result shows that the system can clearly distinguish all FBGs installed in totally 6.6 km-long optical fiber. In addition, the Bragg wavelength shift of the FBGs according to temperature as well as strain changes was successfully measured. The system can be scaled up more than three FBGs and extended scale area, and is a candidate as a low-cost and simple FBG interrogator for a long-range SHMS.