Single-shot chirped pulse BOTDA for static and dynamic strain sensing

Driven by the strong need for distributed high-frequency dynamic strain sensing, ultra-fast Brillouin optical time-domain analysis is rapidly becoming a vital technique. Thus, in this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a novel method by using a chirped pulse as a pump signal to extract the relative Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) changes through the real-time delays between adjacent Brillouin traces; this enables static and dynamic strain measurement without time-consuming frequency sweeping process. Benefiting from single-shot measurement based on Brillouin traces, the system has a high acquisition rate that is only limited by the sensor length without averaging, and is immune to the polarization fading problem, thanks to electrical delay time measurement. The pump source is a 1 MHz linewidth laser without a phase-locking loop; the laser frequency drifting noise could be compensated by the signal from the non-disturbed fiber section. In the experiments, BFS measurement resolution of 0.42 MHz with 4.5 m spatial resolution is demonstrated over a 5 km non-uniform fiber.