败血症
医学
免疫系统
免疫失调
免疫学
器官功能障碍
重症监护室
全身炎症反应综合征
主机响应
炎症
重症监护医学
作者
Yu Chen,De-zhi Guo,Cheng‐long Zhu,Shi-chun Ren,Chen-yan Sun,Yi Wang,Jiafeng Wang
标识
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323797
摘要
Sepsis currently remains a major contributor to mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), with 48.9 million cases reported globally and a mortality rate of 22.5% in 2017, accounting for almost 20% of all-cause mortality worldwide. This highlights the urgent need to improve the understanding and treatment of this condition. Sepsis is now recognized as a dysregulation of the host immune response to infection, characterized by an excessive inflammatory response and immune paralysis. This dysregulation leads to secondary infections, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and ultimately death. PD-L1, a co-inhibitory molecule expressed in immune cells, has emerged as a critical factor in sepsis. Numerous studies have found a significant association between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, with a particular focus on PD-L1 expressed on neutrophils recently. This review explores the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, illustrates the intricate link between PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, and summarizes current therapeutic approaches against PD-1/PD-L1 in the treatment and prognosis of sepsis in preclinical and clinical studies.
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