Plasma D-Dimer Levels Can Provide Useful Diagnostic Information on Acute Vertebral Compression Fractures in Patients with Low Back Pain in the Emergency Room

Patients with acute vertebral compression fractures (aVCFs) are frequently transferred to an emergency department by ambulance. The most useful imaging modality is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, which patients should be prioritized for MRI evaluation may be unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma D-dimer levels as a biomarker for aVCFs. This retrospective cohort study included patients with low back pain in the emergency department between November 2017 and October 2020. Patients with infections, patients with coagulation disorders, and patients without D-dimer level measurements were excluded. The presence of an aVCF was detected with MRI. Blood samples were collected for routine blood tests. The predictive factors for aVCFs were evaluated with univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Overall, 191 consecutive MRI evaluations were ordered. After exclusions, 101 patients were reviewed. Based on MRI, 65 (64.4%) patients were diagnosed with aVCF. The presence of aVCF was significantly correlated with age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.052, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.018–1.191), an old vertebral compression fracture (OR = 3.290, 95% CI 1.342–8.075), hemoglobin (OR = 0.699, 95% CI 0.535–0.912), and D-dimer levels (OR = 1.829, 95% CI 1.260–2.656). Results from a multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that D-dimer levels (OR = 1.642, 95% CI 1.188–2.228) remained a significant risk factor for the presence of aVCFs after adjustment for potential confounders. Plasma D-dimer levels can provide useful diagnostic information about whether an aVCF is present.