Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Surface Soils across China: Source Tracking and Main Drivers for the Spatial Variation

PFAS in surface soils was estimated to increase by 12.9 pg/(g year) over 2002-2021, which would continue alongside economic growth, albeit with greater contributions from novel alternatives. Our work provides comprehensive baseline and predictive data to inform policies toward PFAS control in China.