Asiatic acid alleviates vascular remodeling in BAPN‐induced aortic dissection through inhibiting NF‐κB p65/CX3CL1 signaling

Abstract Inflammation assumes a pivotal role in the aortic remodeling of aortic dissection (AD). Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpene compound, is recognized for its strong anti‐inflammatory properties. Yet, its effects on β‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN)‐triggered AD have not been clearly established. The objective is to determine whether AA attenuates adverse aortic remodeling in BAPN‐induced AD and clarify potential molecular mechanisms. In vitro studies, RAW264.7 cells pretreated with AA were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)‐macrophage coculture system was established to explore intercellular interactions. To induce AD, male C57BL/6J mice at three weeks of age were administered BAPN at a dosage of 1 g/kg/d for four weeks. To decipher the mechanism underlying the effects of AA, RNA sequencing analysis was conducted, with subsequent validation of these pathways through cellular experiments. AA exhibited significant suppression of M1 macrophage polarization. In the cell coculture system, AA facilitated the transformation of VSMCs into a contractile phenotype. In the mouse model of AD, AA strikingly prevented the BAPN‐induced increases in inflammation cell infiltration and extracellular matrix degradation. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing analysis revealed a substantial upregulation of CX3CL1 expression in BAPN group but downregulation in AA‐treated group. Additionally, it was observed that the upregulation of CX3CL1 negated the beneficial impact of AA on the polarization of macrophages and the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. Crucially, our findings revealed that AA is capable of downregulating CX3CL1 expression, accomplishing this by obstructing the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65. The findings indicate that AA holds promise as a prospective treatment for adverse aortic remodeling by suppressing the activity of NF‐κB p65/CX3CL1 signaling pathway.