Hybrid III-A Biomechanically-Based Crash Test Dummy

The paper describes the Hybrid III test dummy based on the ATD 502 dummy which was developed in 1973 by General Motors under contract with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Like the ATD 502, Hybrid III features a biomechanically-based head design, human- like automotive seating posture, constant torque primary joints, and detailed documentation for fabrication. Hybrid III uniquely features a biomechanically-based neck, thorax, and knee covering. Transducers for measurement of neck loads and chest deflection are integral parts of the design. Dynamic responses are presented for head, neck, thorax and knee components. For the covering abstract see IRRD 864472.