Electrochemistry of Copper

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Oxidation States of Copper Reference Standards for Potential Values in Nonaqueous Solvent Studies Methods Used for Potential Measurements Potentials Involving Solvated Copper Species Electrochemical Considerations for Copper( II / I ) Complexes Involving Multidentate Ligands Trends in Potentials of Copper( II / I ) Complexes with Multidentate Ligands Dependence of Copper( II / I ) Potentials on Ligand Properties Correlation of Potentials to Copper( II ) Complex Stability Constants Mechanistic Aspects of Copper( II / I ) Electron Transfer Ligand Conformational Change Complex Dissociation/Formation Interconversion of Ternary and Binary Complexes Interconversion of 1:2 and 1:1 Complexes Dimeric/Monomeric Species Other Phenomena Affecting Electrochemical Behavior Ligand Oxidation or Reduction Electroplating of Copper Biological Copper Systems Other Copper( II / I ) Systems Unidentate Ligand Complexes Hydroxide Complexes Halide Complexes Cyanide and Thiocyanate Complexes Ammonia Complexes Complexes with Acetate and Other Common Brønsted Bases Noncomplexing Buffer Systems Binuclear Complexes Copper( III / II ) Systems