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Pregnancy-induced alterations of 1-carbon metabolism and significance for maternal nutrition requirements

怀孕 胆碱 营养物 新陈代谢 胎儿 胎盘 生理学 蛋氨酸 生物 内科学 医学 内分泌学 生物化学 氨基酸 生态学 遗传学
作者
Kelsey M Cochrane,Brock A. Williams,Rajavel Elango,Susan I. Barr,Crystal D Karakochuk
出处
期刊:Nutrition Reviews [Oxford University Press]
卷期号:80 (9): 1985-2001 被引量:8
标识
DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuac015
摘要

The pregnancy-induced alterations in 1-carbon (1C) metabolism, effects of advancing gestation on maternal plasma concentrations of methyl nutrients, and potential implications for maternal dietary intake and infant clinical outcomes are summarized in this narrative review.1C metabolism encompasses a series of pathways where 1C units are transferred among nutrients such as B vitamins, choline, and amino acids (the methyl nutrients). Use of isotopic tracers and measuring methyl nutrients in maternal plasma and infant cord blood has advanced the understanding of 1C flux in pregnancy and kinetics of maternal-placental-fetal transfer. Methyl nutrients are supplied from maternal plasma to the placenta and fetus to support growth and 1C metabolism in these compartments.A literature review was completed in MEDLINE and Google Scholar using search terms related to 1C metabolism, methyl nutrients, and nutrition requirements in pregnancy. English-language articles were reviewed in which 1C metabolism in pregnancy, maternal-placental-fetal transfer of methyl nutrients, and determinants of maternal plasma concentrations of methyl nutrients among healthy pregnant women were assessed.Adaptations in 1C metabolism occur throughout a healthy pregnancy to support this unique period of accelerated growth. Studies report similar temporal changes in plasma concentrations of many methyl nutrients, including B vitamins, choline, betaine, methionine, and cysteine, among healthy pregnant women from diverse geographic regions. Other key findings discussed in this review include an apparent high degree of B vitamin transfer to the placenta and fetus, influence of choline supplementation on 1C flux and possible benefit of supplementation for infant cognitive development, and that glycine may be conditionally essential in pregnancy.Understanding the flux of 1C metabolism in pregnancy and methyl nutrient transfer from maternal plasma is needed to establish appropriate plasma references ranges and, ultimately, dietary recommendations that aim to prevent deficiency and associated adverse health outcomes for mother and baby.

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