[Analysis of molecular and clinical characteristics of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care unit].

To investigate the carbapenemases distribution of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in the intensive care unit, and the clinical characteristics between carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) and carbapenem-resistant non-hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-non-hvKP) were compared. A total of 53 non-repetitive CRKP strains isolated from 49 patients in the intensive care unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively studied. The carbapenemase inhibitor enhancement test was used for screening carbapenemase-producing strains, and the string test was carried out to screen the hypermucoviscosity phenotype. Using PCR to detect five main carbapenemase genes (blaKPC-2, blaNDM, blaIMP , blaVIM and blaOXA-48-like), common serotype (K1 and K2) and virulence gene (rmpA and iutA). Treated the strains with both rmpA and iutA genes as hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumonia (hvKP), and the whole genome sequencing of CR-hvKP was completed. At the same time, the clinical data of 49 patients were sorted out, and the differences in clinical characteristics of CR-hvKP and CR-non-hvKP infected patients were compared using the independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability test. CRKP isolated from the intensive care unit were extensively drug resistance and still had a good sensitivity to polymyxin B and tigecycline. Producing carbapenemases were the main resistance mechanism of CRKP (52/53, 98.1%). Of the 53 CRKP strains, except for 1strain that did not detect carbapenemase, at least one carbapenemase resistance gene was detected in the remaining 52 CRKP strains, of which 45 strains carried an enzyme, including 36 blaKPC-2 (36/53, 67.9%), 8 blaNDM (8/53, 15.1%), 1 blaIMP (1/53, 1.9%), and 7 strains carried with both blaKPC-2 and blaNDM (7/53, 13.2%). String test and virulence gene showed that 7 CR-hvKP strains (13.2%) were detected in 53 CRKP strains, and two of which were hypermucoviscosity phenotype. Sequencing results revealed that CR-hvKP were mainly ST11 type. Almost all patients with CR-hvKP infection were over 60 years old (7/7), with invasive treatment (7/7), pulmonary infection with hypermucoviscosity phenotype (2/7) and high mortality (5/7); and the percentage of neutrophils in patients with CR-hvKP infection (86.44±4.70) % was higher than those patients with CR-non-hvKP infection (78.90±19.15) %, the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.225, P=0.032). The CR-hvKP strains in the intensive care unit mainly produced KPC-2 enzyme, with K2 capsular serotype and ST11 type. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control of the CR-hvKP strain to prevent the co-evolution of drug-resistant and hypervirulent strains.探讨重症监护病房耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌（carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae，CRKP）碳青霉烯酶分布情况，并比较耐碳青霉烯类高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌（carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae，CR-hvKP）和耐碳青霉烯非高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌（carbapenem-resistant non-hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae，CR-non-hvKP）两者之间的临床特征。收集并回顾性分析2020年5月至2021年3月西安交通大学第二附属医院重症监护病房49例患者分离的53株非重复CRKP菌株，使用碳青霉烯酶抑制剂增强试验进行产碳青霉烯酶菌株初筛，拉丝试验进行高黏液表型初筛，使用PCR方法检测5种主要的碳青霉烯酶基因（blaKPC-2、blaNDM、blaIMP、blaVIM和blaOXA-48-like），常见血清型（K1和K2）和毒力基因（rmpA和iutA），将同时检测出rmpA和iutA基因的菌株视为高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌（hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae，hvKP），并对CR-hvKP进行全基因组测序。针对49例感染患者的临床资料，采用独立样本t检验，Mann-Whitney U检验，χ²检验或Fisher精确概率法比较CR-hvKP和CR-non-hvKP两者的临床特征差异。重症监护病房分离的CRKP存在广泛耐药，对多黏菌素B和替加环素仍具有良好的敏感性。CRKP主要的耐药机制为产碳青霉烯酶（52/53，98.1%），53株CRKP除1株未检测到碳青霉烯酶外，其余52株CRKP至少检测到1种碳青霉烯酶耐药基因，其中45株携带单一酶型，包括36株blaKPC-2（36/53，67.9%）、8株blaNDM（8/53，15.1%）和1株blaIMP（1/53，1.9%），7株携带两种酶型blaKPC-2和blaNDM（7/53，13.2%）。拉丝试验和毒力基因检测结果显示，53株CRKP检出7株（13.2%）CR-hvKP，其中2株拉丝试验阳性。测序结果表明CR-hvKP主要属于ST11型。CR-hvKP感染患者年龄几乎都在60岁以上（7/7），存在侵入性治疗（7/7）、肺部感染高黏液表型（2/7）以及具有较高的死亡率（5/7）；CR-hvKP感染患者的中性粒细胞百分比（86.44±4.70）%高于CR-non-hvKP感染患者（78.90±19.15）%，差异有统计学意义（t =-2.225，P=0.032）。综上，重症监护病房CR-hvKP菌株以产KPC-2酶，荚膜血清型K2和ST11序列型为主，需加强对CR-hvKP菌株的监测与控制，防止耐药和高毒力菌株的共同进化。.