Single-cell transcriptomics identifies premature aging features of TERC-deficient mouse brain and bone marrow

Aging is a progressive loss of physiological function and increased susceptibility to major pathologies. Degenerative diseases in both brain and bone including Alzheimer disease (AD) and osteoporosis are common in aging groups. TERC is RNA component of telomerase, and its deficiency accelerates aging-related phenotypes including impaired life span, organ failure, bone loss, and brain dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the traits of bone marrow-brain cross-tissue communications in young mice, natural aging mice, and premature aging (TERC deficient, TERC-KO) mice by single-cell transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed gene analysis of brain as well as bone marrow between premature aging mouse and young mouse demonstrated aging-related inflammatory response and suppression of neuron development. Further analysis of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) landscape indicated that TERC-KO perturbation was enriched in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Series of inflammatory associated myeloid cells was activated in premature aging mice brain and bone marrow. Cross-tissue comparison of TERC-KO mice brain and bone marrow illustrated obvious ligand-receptor communications between brain glia cells, macrophages, and bone marrow myeloid cells in premature aging–induced inflammation. Enrichment of co-regulation modules between brain and bone marrow identified premature aging response genes such as Dusp1 and Ifitm3. Our study provides a rich resource for understanding premature aging–associated perturbation in brain and bone marrow and supporting myeloid cells and endothelial cells as promising therapy targeting for age-related brain-bone diseases.