视觉光转导
生物物理学
第二信使系统
视网膜
生物
细胞生物学
福斯科林
格伦维尔
视紫红质
视网膜
细胞内
磷酸化
刺激(心理学)
刺激
化学
生物化学
神经科学
爪蟾
显著性
基因
心理治疗师
心理学
作者
Olga Chernyshkova,Natalia Erofeeva,Darya A. Meshalkina,Anna Balykina,Stepan Gambaryan,Michael Belyakov,M. L. Firsov
标识
DOI:10.1085/jgp.202313530
摘要
The phototransduction cascade enables the photoreceptor to detect light over a wide range of intensities without saturation. The main second messenger of the cascade is cGMP and the primary regulatory mechanism is calcium feedback. However, some experimental data suggest that cAMP may also play a role in regulating the phototransduction cascade, but this would require changes in cAMP on a time scale of seconds. Currently, there is a lack of data on the dynamics of changes in intracellular cAMP levels on this timescale. This is largely due to the specificity of the sensory modality of photoreceptors, which makes it practically impossible to use conventional experimental approaches based on fluorescence methods. In this study, we employed the method of rapid cryofixation of retinal samples after light stimulation and subsequent isolation of outer segment preparations. The study employed highly sensitive metabolomics approaches to measure levels of cAMP. Additionally, PKA activity was measured in the samples using a western blot. The results indicate that when exposed to near-saturating but still moderate light, cAMP levels increase transiently within the first second and then return to pre-stimulus levels. The increase in cAMP activates PKA, resulting in the phosphorylation of PKA-specific substrates in frog retinal outer segments.
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