Experimental and numerical analyses of seismic behaviors of L-shaped unreinforced masonry walls

This study investigates the seismic behavior of L-shaped unreinforced concrete-block masonry fence walls. Using a large-scale shaking table, the walls are subjected to uniaxially artificial ground motions that gradually increase in intensity, and the out-of-plane response and failure mode are analyzed. The seismic behavior is then simulated by LS-DYNA using a finite element model under identical conditions as the shaking table tests. The validity of the numerical model is evaluated by comparing the linear response and failure mode of the tests with those of the simulations. Practical modeling techniques and calibrated material model parameters that facilitate reliable simulation results are also presented. The numerical model and techniques are useful in determining the geometrical features required for earthquake-resistant fence walls, such as the maximum permissible width and height as well as the appropriate height- and width-to-thickness ratios, depending on wall support conditions.