Hollow porous Fe3O4 microspheres were prepared by citrate-assisted solvothermal method and used as nanocarrier, and then the 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) inhibitor was encapsulated into the interior of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via vacuum negative pressure method. The results show that the obtained Fe3O4@MBT nanocomposite inhibitor has a MBT loading capacity of 13.831% and saturation magnetization of 68.7 emu·g-1. Release study reveals the release of MBT inhibitor from the nanocomposites is mainly Fickian diffusion and diffusion among magnetic particles. The external magnetic field (MF) would effectively delay the release of inhibitor by increasing diffusion difficulty among magnetic particles. Additionally, the Fe3O4@MBT has an excellent inhibition effect for carbon steel, and the inhibition behavior can be regulated by MF.