NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging for In Vivo Quantitative Analysis

In vivo real-time qualitative and quantitative analysis is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as tumors. Near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) bioimaging is an emerging visualization modality based on fluorescent materials. The advantages of NIR-II region fluorescent materials in terms of reduced photon scattering and low tissue autofluorescence enable NIR-II bioimaging with high resolution and increasing depth of tissue penetration, and thus have great potential for in vivo qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this review, we first summarize recent advances in NIR-II imaging, including fluorescent probe selection, quantitative analysis strategies, and imaging. Then, we describe in detail representative applications to illustrate how NIR-II fluorescence imaging has become an important tool for in vivo quantitative analysis. Finally, we describe the future possibilities and challenges of NIR-II fluorescence imaging.