Prediction of Early Perihematomal Edema Expansion Based on Noncontrast Computed Tomography Radiomics and Machine Learning in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

To investigate the predictive value of noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) models based on radiomics features and machine learning for early perihematomal edema (PHE) expansion in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We retrospectively reviewed NCCT data from 214 patients with spontaneous ICH. All radiomics features were extracted from volume of interest of hematomas on admission scans. A total of 8 machine learning methods were applied for constructing models in the training and the test set. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and the areas under the curve were used to evaluate the predictive value. A total of 23 features were finally selected to establish models of early PHE expansion after feature screening. Patients were randomly assigned into training (n = 171) and test (n = 43) sets. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in the test set were 72.1%, 90.0%, and 66.7% for the support vector machine model; 79.1%, 70.0%, and 84.4% for the k-nearest neighbor model; 88.4%, 90.0%, and 87.9% for the logistic regression model; 74.4%, 90.0%, and 69.7% for the extra tree model; 74.4%, 90.0%, and 69.7% for the extreme gradient boosting model; 83.7%, 100%, and 78.8% for the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model; 72.1%, 100%, and 65.6% for the light gradient boosting machine model; and 60.5%, 90.0%, and 53.1% for the random forest model, respectively. The MLP model seemed to be the best model for prediction of PHE expansion in patients with ICH. NCCT models based on radiomics features and machine learning could predict early PHE expansion and improve the discrimination of identify spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients at risk of early PHE expansion.