医学
结直肠癌
阶段(地层学)
肿瘤科
内科学
癌症
肿瘤分期
医学物理学
普通外科
生物
古生物学
作者
Irıs D. Nagtegaal,Philip Quirke,Hans‐Joachim Schmoll
标识
DOI:10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.157
摘要
In 2009, the Union for International Cancer Control issued the seventh edition of the well-used T (tumor), N (node), and M (metastasis) classification guidelines. There has been a continual refinement of the staging for colorectal cancer since this system for assessing tumor stage was initially adopted and it has been used to guide treatment decisions for over 50 years. However, the outcome after therapy for patients with colorectal cancer is very variable, even when patients are assigned to the same TNM category. This article assesses the changes that have been made since the sixth edition and discusses whether they are, in fact, informative improvements for a practicing clinician.
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