Early adipose deposits in sheep: comparative analysis of the perirenal fat transcriptome of Assaf and Churra suckling lambs

Summary Adipose deposits influence the quality of ruminant carcasses, and in suckling lambs, internal types of adipose deposits represent a notable proportion of total fat. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the perirenal fat transcriptomes of suckling lambs from two breeds with different growth and carcass characteristics. The perirenal fat tissue from 14 suckling lambs (Assaf, n = 8; Churra, n = 6) was used for the RNA ‐seq analysis. The functional enrichment analysis of the 670 highly expressed genes (>150 fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped) in the perirenal fat transcriptome of both breeds revealed that the majority of these genes were involved in energy processes. The expression of the UCP 1 gene, a classical biomarker of brown fat, and the presence of multilocular adipocytes in the two breeds supported the presence of brown fat at the transition stage towards white fat tissue. The differential expression analysis performed identified 373 differentially expressed genes ( DEG s) between the two compared breeds. Brown/white fat gene biomarkers were not included in the list of DEG s. In Assaf lambs, DEG s were enriched in Gene Ontology ( GO ) biological processes related to fatty‐acid oxidation, whereas in Churra lambs, the majority of the significantly enriched GO terms were related to cholesterol synthesis, which suggests that upregulated DEG s in Assaf lambs are implicated in fat burning, whereas the Churra upregulated DEG s are linked to fat accumulation. These results can help to increase knowledge of the genes controlling early fat deposition in ruminants and shed light on fundamental aspects of adipose tissue growth.