Low-cycle fatigue test of three kinds of flat plates with different hole diameters (0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm) and film-cooling hole arrangement (5 holes, 9 holes and 14 holes) were carried out. The variation of fatigue life with hole diameter and arrangement was analyzed. A modified critical distance method based on crystal plasticity theory was adopted to predict fatigue life under different hole diameters. The experimental results are as follows: the uneven distribution of stress was caused by the different arrangement of holes, which seriously affected the fatigue performance of the structure; the fatigue life decreased with the increase of the aperture. The critical distance method with the stress concentration factor around the aperture can accurately predict the fatigue life.