Formation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss

有机质 土壤有机质 矿化(土壤科学) 植物凋落物 环境化学 化学 分解 垃圾箱 腐殖质 土壤碳 土壤水分 环境科学 营养物 土壤科学 农学 生物 有机化学
作者
Maurizio Cotrufo,Jennifer L. Soong,Andrew J. Horton,Eleanor E. Campbell,Michelle L. Haddix,Diana H. Wall,William J. Parton
出处
期刊:Nature Geoscience [Springer Nature]
卷期号:8 (10): 776-779 被引量:1224
标识
DOI:10.1038/ngeo2520
摘要

Soil organic matter is a large global carbon pool. Isotopic labelling of litter in the lab and the field reveals that soil organic matter forms from labile organic compounds and litter fragments early and late in decomposition, respectively. Soil organic matter is the largest terrestrial carbon pool1. The pool size depends on the balance between formation of soil organic matter from decomposition of plant litter and its mineralization to inorganic carbon. Knowledge of soil organic matter formation remains limited2 and current C numerical models assume that stable soil organic matter is formed primarily from recalcitrant plant litter3. However, labile components of plant litter could also form mineral-stabilized soil organic matter4. Here we followed the decomposition of isotopically labelled above-ground litter and its incorporation into soil organic matter over three years in a grassland in Kansas, USA, and used laboratory incubations to determine the decay rates and pool structure of litter-derived organic matter. Early in decomposition, soil organic matter formed when non-structural compounds were lost from litter. Soil organic matter also formed at the end of decomposition, when both non-structural and structural compounds were lost at similar rates. We conclude that two pathways yield soil organic matter efficiently. A dissolved organic matter–microbial path occurs early in decomposition when litter loses mostly non-structural compounds, which are incorporated into microbial biomass at high rates, resulting in efficient soil organic matter formation. An equally efficient physical-transfer path occurs when litter fragments move into soil.
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