硝酸盐
环境修复
环境科学
反硝化
地下水
环境化学
水生生态系统
地表水
电渗析
环境工程
地下水修复
污染
化学
生态学
氮气
工程类
生物化学
生物
膜
有机化学
岩土工程
作者
Simranjeet Singh,Amith G. Anil,Vijay Kumar,Dhriti Kapoor,S. Subramanian,Joginder Singh,Praveen C. Ramamurthy
出处
期刊:Chemosphere
[Elsevier]
日期:2021-08-24
卷期号:287: 131996-131996
被引量:137
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131996
摘要
Nitrate pollution is eminent in almost all the developing nations as a result of increased natural activities apart from anthropogenic pollution. The release of nitrates in more than critical quantities into the water bodies causes accretion impacts on living creatures, environmental receptors, and human vigour by accumulation through the food chain. Nitrates have recently acquired researchers' huge attention and extend their roots in environmental contamination of surface and groundwater systems. The presence of nitrate in high concentrations in surface and groundwater triggers several health problems, for instance, methemoglobinemia, diabetes, eruption of infectious disorders, harmfully influence aquatic organisms. Sensing nitrate is an alternate option for monitoring the distribution of nitrate in different water bodies. Here we review electrochemical, spectroscopic, and electrical modes of nitrate sensing. It is concluded that, among the various sensors discussed in this review, FET sensors are the most desirable choice. Their sensitivity, ease of use and scope for miniaturisation are exceptional. Advanced functional materials need to be designed to satiate the growing need for environmental monitoring. Different sources of nitrate contamination in ground and surface water can be estimated using different techniques such as nitrate isotopic composition, co contaminants, water tracers, and other specialized techniques. This review intends to explore the research work on remediation of nitrate from wastewater and soil using different processes such as reverse osmosis, chemical denitrification, biological denitrification, ion exchange, electrodialysis, and adsorption. Denitrification proves as a promising alternative over previously reported techniques in terms of their nitrate removal because of its high cost-effectiveness.
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