Safety and Effectiveness of Large-Bore Percutaneous Cholangioscopy-Assisted Gallstone Retrieval for Inoperable Calculous Cholecystitis: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of large-bore percutaneous biliary access techniques for cholangioscopy-assisted gallstone extraction in patients with a history of acute calculous cholecystitis who are poor surgical candidates.