Safety and Efficacy of Second-Line TKI Plus Anti-PD1 in Metastatic Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Real-World Study

Guidelines recommend clinical trials or tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) as the first-line option for systemic therapy for non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) with limited efficacy. However, the preferred subsequent options remain unclear when patients progress after first-line treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 plus TKI therapy as the second-line regimen in nccRCC.