Inhibition of Photoaging by Anthocyanin Metabolites Derived from Rose Petal Extract

Scope Rose petal extract (RPE) shows a significant antioxidant effect through its anthocyanin content. However, the mechanism underlying the anti‐aging effects of orally administered RPE remains unclear. This study aims to describe the anti‐aging effect and mechanism of action of orally administered RPE in ultraviolet (UV)B‐induced skin aging. Methods and results This study evaluates the protein expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1) and the mRNA expression of hyaluronic synthase 2 ( HAS2 ) in human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, the hyaluronidase and collagenase inhibitory activities of RPE are confirmed. To evaluate the anti‐aging effects of RPE, SKH‐1 hairless mice are administered RPE daily for 12 weeks. Wrinkle formation, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin moisture loss induced by UVB irradiation are suppressed in the dorsal skin of SKH‐1 hairless mice orally administered RPE. Oral administration of RPE suppresses UVB irradiation‐induced collagen disruption and reduction of hyaluronic acid. To find the bioactive compound in the RPE, serum protocatechuic acid (PCA), an anthocyanin metabolite, is analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Conclusion Anthocyanins in RPE are metabolized to PCA in the body and circulated through the bloodstream to exhibit anti‐aging effects on the skin.