Peri‐implant crevicular fluid and serum levels of soluble ST2 in peri‐implant diseases: A pilot study

Abstract Background and Objective Soluble ST2 (sST2) is a current biomarker of cardiovascular disease. It is used to predict susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and to analyze their prognosis. Serum sST2 level increases in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. However, the level of sST2 in peri‐implant diseases and crevicular fluid has not been investigated yet. Thus, the aim of this cross‐sectional study is to analyze the level of sST2 in peri‐implant health and diseases. Methods Sixty‐nine participants were divided into 3 groups as peri‐implant health (PH), peri‐implant mucositis (PM), and peri‐implantitis (P‐I). Peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and serum samples were collected from each participant. The levels of sST2 and IL‐6 in PICF and sST2, IL‐6, and CRP in serum were compared between the groups. Pocket depth (PD), modified bleeding index (mBI), modified plaque index (mPI), keratinized mucosa index (KTW), and gingival/mucosal recession (REC) were recorded as clinical parameters. Biomarkers in the serum and PICF were analyzed by ELISA kit. Results Sixty‐nine patients were included in the study. The differences in the following parameters were statistically significant between groups: age ( p = .009), implant function time ( p = .027), PD ( p < .001), mBI ( p < .001), mPI ( p < .001), and KTW ( p = .043). The PICF volume of P‐I and PM groups were statistically higher than PH ( p < .001). The amount of sST2 in P‐I and PM groups were higher than PH ( p = .043). Serum CRP was higher in the P‐I group than in other groups ( p = .034). There were no significant differences in serum sST2 ( p = .247) and IL‐6 ( p = .110) levels between groups. Conclusion The PICF levels of sST2 were significantly higher in PM and P‐I groups compared to the healthy group. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of serum sST2 level.