Bendopnoea: another marker of in-hospital residual congestion associated with outcome in the elderly heart failure population

Despite advances in technology, the clinical examination of patients with heart failure (HF) 7 remains fundamental in their management 1 .Signs and symptoms which are of limited accuracy 8 in the diagnostic process, contribute, under chronic conditions, to define the extent congestion 9 unmasking adverse hemodynamics and predicting adverse outcome 2,3 .10 The modern approach to clinical examination of patients with stable HF has considerably 11