Understanding the mandibular condyle morphology on panoramic images: A cone beam computed tomography comparison study

Objective: To compare variations in condylar morphology (CM) in panoramic images with those demonstrated in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to investigate factors related to the variations.Methods: Three thousand panoramic images were analyzed for CM classification and relationship between CM and patient factors. Then, CM of 178 cases of panoramic and CBCT images were compared.Results: CM was classified into five types: round (70.63%), pointed (15.12%), angled (8.43%), flat (4.53%), and irregular (1.28%). CM was significantly related to all patient factors (p < 0.001). Round CM in panoramic images presented as round in CBCT images. Pointed and flat CM were observed mainly in the lateral aspect of the condyle, and no angle-shaped CM was found, according to CBCT images.Conclusion: Round, flat, and pointed CM seen on panoramic images possibly reflected the actual shape of the condyle, as confirmed by CBCT, whereas angled CM appeared not to exist.