Nanomaterial-based delivery of vaccine through nasal route: Opportunities, challenges, advantages, and limitations

Mucosal administration especially via the nasal route is a novel and promising technique for medication and vaccine delivery. Mucosal pathways provide notable benefits that promote their selective usage for some critical disorders such as brain disorders. Many attempts are now being undertaken to create effective medicated formulations and innovative nasal delivery methods. The structure and major properties of the nasal cavity are elaborated on in this review. The comfort, accomplishments, and limitations of using the nasal route for medical reasons are explored, with a special emphasis on vaccination administration. Extensive data supports the potential and safety of nasal vaccination and medication administration. The utilization of nanomaterials in vaccinology has changed several areas of traditional disease diagnosis and treatment and has brought new insights into previously tough challenges in developing effective vaccinations. This overview will focus on crucial advances of nanomaterial in vaccine delivery through the nasal route against infectious diseases.