Patterns of Lexis In Text

PART ONE Introduction: questions that need answering Chapter 1: Questions about cohesion 1.1 The aim of this book 1.2 The nature of cohesion 1.3 Questions concerning the place of cohesion Question 1: cohesion and coherence Question 2: cohesion and sentence relationships Question 3: cohesion and text organization 1.4 Work relevant to the questions Hasan (1984) Winter (1974, 1979) Phillips (1985) 1.5 A way forward Chapter 2: A metaphor for text organization 2.1 The aim of this chapter 2.2 Sentence as a metaphor for text 2.3 An alternative metaphor 2.4 A simple example The repetition links: sentence 1 The repetition links: sentence 2 The repetition links: sentence 3 The repetition links: sentence 4 2.5 A representation of the repetition patterning 2.6 Unwanted cohesion 2.7 Interpretation of the patterning: central and marginal sentences 2.8 Interpretation of the patterning: common ground between sentences 2.9 Conclusions PART TWO Answers from text analysis Chapter 3: Types of repetition 3.1 The aim of this chapter 3.2 Repetition as links 3.3 Simple lexical repetition 3.4 Complex lexical repetition 3.5 Text-forming versus 'chance' lexical repetition 3.6 Simple paraphrase 3.7 Complex paraphrase and the link triangle 3.8 Superordinate, hyponymic, and co-reference repetition 3.9 Other ways of repeating Personal pronouns Demonstrative pronouns and modifiers Other substitution links 3.10 A last look at the 'collection of texts' metaphor Chapter 4: Patterns of repetition in non-narrative text 4.1 The aim of this chapter 4.2 The data 4.3 Identification of repetition links 4.4 Construction of a repetition matrix 4.5 Creation of a net of bonds 4.6 An extension to the data 4.7 Conclusions Chapter 5: The significance of repetition nets 5.1 The aim of this chapter 5.2 The removal of certain features of cohesion 5.3 The net as record of bonding 5.4 Marginal sentences Sentences 5, 9, and 10 Sentence 18 Sentence 27 Sentences 30 and 31 Sentence 13 Abridgement: procedure 1 (marginal sentences) 5.5 Central sentences Abridgement: procedure 2 (central sentences) 5.6 Topic opening and topic closing Clear topic-opening sentences Clear topic-closing sentences Other topic openings and closings 5.7 Conclusions Chapter 6: Properties of the bonds of the nets 6.1 The aim of this chapter 6.2 Claims for the bonds 6.3 Testing the strong claim Sentences 1 and 4 Sentences 1 and 7 Sentences 17 and 24 Sentences 19 and 26 Sentences 20 and 38 Sentences 21 and 23 Sentences 23 and 36 Sentences 23 and 38 Sentences 25 and 28 6.4 Testing the weak claim Excessive repetition The effect of voice choice The effect of modal choice The effect of given-new relationships The role of context 6.5 Abridgement: procedure 3 (topic-controlling sentences) Sentence 17: summary Sentence 38: first summary Sentence 38: second summary Sentence 1: summary 6.6 Distance bonding 6.7 Bonding and reader creativity 6.8 Bonding and writer creativity 6.9 Conclusions Chapter 7: How the links work 7.1 The aim of this chapter 7.2 How the pairs are related 7.3 Processes in the creation of parallelism Lexical expansion Lexical reduction Lexical transference Lexical substitution Syntactic equivalence Discoursal expansion 7.4 Exemplification of the processes of parallelism Sentences 17 and 24 Sentences 19 and 26 Sentences 21 and 24 7.5 Conclusions PART THREE Implications for theory and practice Chapter 8: Implications for a theory of language 8.1 The aim of this chapter 8.2 Claims about the nature of text 8.3 Text as structure versus text as organization 8.4 Halliday's map of language (1961) 8.5 The meaning of context in Halliday (1961) 8.6 A revision of Halliday's map of language 8.7 The place of monologue in a map of language study 8.8 The place of lexis in a map of language study 8.9 Implications of our map of language 8.10 Further symmetries in our map of language Reference to adjacent areas The relationship of speech and writing Grammar and discourse Sentence and morpheme Relationships across the map of language 8.11 Conclusions Chapter 9: Implications for reading and writing 9.1 The aim of this chapter 9.2 The reader's active role 9.3 Typical reading purposes 9.4 Typical reading strategies 9.5 Reading quickly and reading carefully 9.6 Identifying relevant sentences 9.7 Getting sense out of a text 9.8 Rough and ready analyses 9.9 Reading for reference 9.10 The teaching of lexis 9.11 Repetition and writing 9.12 Conclusions Appendices Bibliography Glossary Notes Index